Destructuring

• Extracting values from data stored in objects and arrays.
• Destructuring allows us to unpack values from arrays or properties from objects into distinct variables.

Object Destructuring:

Example 1:

const student = {
    firstName: "Ambreen",
    lastName: "Khan"
}
const {firstName, lastName} = student;
console.log(firstName);  //Ambreen
console.log(lastName);   //Khan

• You can rename the properties using below syntax

const {firstName:first, lastName:last} = student;

Example 2:

const student = {
    name: "Ambreen Khan",
    course: "Test Automation"
}
function displayInfo({name,course}){
    return [name, course];
}
console.log(displayInfo(student));

output:

[ 'Ambreen Khan', 'Test Automation' ]

Example 3:

• If the names of the keys are known for an object, you can destructure those keys as parameters

const student = {
    name: "Ambreen Khan",
    course: "Test Automation"
}
function displayInfo(student){
    return [student.name, student.course];
}
console.log(displayInfo(student));

output:

[ 'Ambreen Khan', 'Test Automation' ]

Example: 4

• Here, we are passing a destructured object as a default parameter
• If no parameter is passed, we default to destructured object as a parameter
• We assign an empty object as a default value to let ES6 know that we are working with destructuring

function newStudent({name = {first: "Guest", last:"Guest"}, subject = 'Demo Class'}  = {}){
    return [name.first, name.last, subject];
}
console.log(newStudent());
console.log(newStudent({name: {first:'Ambreen', last:'Khan'}}));
console.log(newStudent({name: {first:'Ambreen', last:'Khan'}, subject:'Data Science'}));

output:

[ 'Guest', 'Guest', 'Demo Class' ]
[ 'Ambreen', 'Khan', 'Demo Class' ]
[ 'Ambreen', 'Khan', 'Data Science' ]

Array Destructuring:

Example: 1

const arr = [1,2,3,4,5];
const [a,b,c] = arr
console.log(a); //1
console.log(b); //2
console.log(c); //3

Example: 2

function getStudents(stu1, stu2){
    return [stu1, stu2];
}
[student1 , student2] = getStudents('Ambreen','Mariam');
console.log(student1); //Ambreen
console.log(student2); //Mariam

Swapping Values in Array using destructuring

function swapArrayValues(a,b){
    return [b,a]
}
console.log(swapArrayValues(98, 77));

output:

[ 77, 98 ]